{
  "title": "Supervising AI-Assisted Work: What Automation Research Teaches Us",
  "url": "https://shr.swiss/blog/manager-supervision-ia-fribourg-en",
  "language": "en",
  "datePublished": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "SHR — Swiss Human Resources",
    "url": "https://shr.swiss",
    "address": "184 route de Saint-Julien, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Suisse"
  },
  "summary": "Forty years of automation research describe a stable trap: the more reliable the tool, the less the human verifies.",
  "section": "Research",
  "topic": "Managing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence",
  "place": {
    "name": "Fribourg",
    "region": "Fribourg",
    "country": "CH"
  },
  "keyPoints": [
    {
      "heading": "The Supervision Trap",
      "point": "Raja Parasuraman and Victor Riley (1997, Human Factors) formalized the concepts of use, misuse, and disuse of automation: a system that is reliable most of the time encourages users to stop verifying, and error occurs precisely when the system makes a mistake."
    },
    {
      "heading": "The 'Automation Surprises'",
      "point": "Nadine Sarter, David Woods and Charles Billings (1997) described how operators lose track of what the automated system does and discover late an unexpected mode of operation."
    },
    {
      "heading": "What This Changes for a Manager",
      "point": "This research concerns aviation and industrial systems, not language models."
    },
    {
      "heading": "The Limits of General Instructions",
      "point": "Asking everyone to 'remain vigilant' amounts to entrusting the burden of verification to individual goodwill."
    },
    {
      "heading": "A Practical Implication, Verifiable in Geneva",
      "point": "Within a team spanning bilingual SMEs, agribusiness and public services, define for each type of AI-assisted deliverable an explicit control point — a figure, a source, a sensitive formulation — verified by a person different from the author."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "authors": "Riley",
      "year": "1997",
      "source": "Human Factors"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Billings",
      "year": "1997"
    }
  ],
  "wordCount": 267,
  "image": "https://shr.swiss/img/blog-Training-Managing-In-The-Age-Of-Artificial-Intelligence-Fribourg-manager-supervision-ia-fribourg-en.jpg?v=4",
  "translations": {
    "fr": "https://shr.swiss/blog/manager-supervision-ia-fribourg",
    "en": "https://shr.swiss/blog/manager-supervision-ia-fribourg-en",
    "de": "https://shr.swiss/blog/manager-supervision-ia-fribourg-de",
    "it": "https://shr.swiss/blog/manager-supervision-ia-fribourg-it"
  },
  "relatedPages": {
    "programme": "https://shr.swiss/formation-manager-ere-ia-fribourg",
    "city": "https://shr.swiss/formations-ville/fribourg",
    "blog": "https://shr.swiss/blog"
  },
  "citationPolicy": "Citation autorisée avec mention « SHR — Swiss Human Resources » et lien vers l'article."
}